徐法松医生的科普号

徐 法 松 每当我回忆起在博茨瓦纳的生活时，一个熟悉的身影就会浮现在脑际——一位热情善良的英籍女士，金发碧眼、脸上总是带着友善的微笑，她就是我们中国医疗队的朋友Sandre Moreira。 初次见面的时候，Sandre Moreira给人的印象是一位慈祥的主妇，红润的圆脸，浅亚麻色的小卷发，镀膜的金边眼镜，穿着打扮随意而得体，没有一点架子，就像邻家的长者。在随后相处的日子里，我们越来越感觉到，这位邻家长者对待工作的态度和对于文化传播的热情竟是如此执著！她既是我们的良师益友，也是我们中国医疗队不可多得的编外成员，给我们的非洲生活增添了许多美好的记忆。与医疗队的不解之缘 有着英国血统的Sandre Moreira毕业于南非开普敦的一所高校，常年在以英语为国语的南非及纳米比亚工作。她知识面很广，精通英语、法语、德语和希腊语。1984年，她从开普敦移居博茨瓦纳。1986年，在与第３批中国医疗队队长相识后，她与医疗队结下了不解之缘。她欣然接受了第４批医疗队翻译潘培中教授的热忱邀请，成为医疗队的外籍英语老师和顾问，无偿地进行英语教学，帮助队员提高英语水平。 Sandre Moreira认为，来自东方文明古国的中国医疗队队员，克服各种艰难困苦，在异国他乡为这个国家和这里的人民无私地奉献着，如果能使他们进一步提高语言交流能力，必将会使他们的工作和生活更加方便。可是大家的工作担子都很重，而且经常要值班，怎样才能取得最佳的教学效果？Sandre Moreira左思右想，费尽心机。终于有一天，她心头豁然一亮，萌生了好主意，这让她高兴极了。“五星级”的英语课堂 如果你在周六的早晨见到一辆乳白色的轿车，缓缓地往中国医疗队的住所驶去，这一定是“英语天使”Sandre Moreira来了。Sandre Moreira的英语教学，没有传统的教室，没有我们习以为常的朗朗读书声，有的却是生活的细节与享受。她轮番邀请医疗队员与她一起，或是去超级市场，或是上邮局，甚至是去银行办理事务，然后将大家带到一个安静而又优雅的地方，那就是酒店迎宾楼的咖啡厅。我们戏称那里为我们医疗队的“五星级教室”，周围的草木花卉不时地飘逸着沁人心脾的芬芳，让人备觉心旷神怡。很自然地，大家在这里得到了放松，海阔天空地漫谈。这一路的行程中都涉及到最实用的生活情景英语会话，其内容丰富，远远超过书本上有限的知识。而Sandre Moreira的教学贴近生活、深入浅出，给大家非常深刻的印象。 Sandre Moreira十分注意队员的语言表达和发音情况，总是非常及时地纠正我们任何一个哪怕是细微的错误。她风趣幽默，队员们品吮着咖啡地道的馥郁，也品吮着Sandre Moreira浑厚的文化韵味。就这样，每次的英语教学都是在一种轻松、愉快和舒适的氛围下，不知不觉地进行着。 二十年如一日，Sandre Moreira持之以恒地进行着这别具一格的英语教学及实践。医疗队来了一批又一批，她始终一如既往地关心和帮助队员，能够准确地诊断出中国医务人员的“中国式英语”的“病因”，成了一个资深的“英语医生”。“英语保姆”成绩斐然 在Sandre Moreira的悉心指教下全医疗队的英语能力都得到了全面的提高，这对于医疗队向受援国传授先进的医学技术，起到了不可估量的作用。 由于博茨瓦纳的佛朗西斯墩点没有专职的英文翻译，而这里的队长不仅要负责医疗队的工作，还要负责科室的医疗和行政工作，因此其英文水平非常重要。在经过“千锤百炼”之后，如今的队长已经能够轻松自如地使用英语来处理各种医疗和行政事务，这其中，Sandre Moreira的“火力支援”，可谓功不可没。 那些年轻而又勤快的护士们，经常利用休息时间帮助队里处理一些事务，英语应用能力得到了发挥，也得到了锻炼。大家风趣地冠以她们“文书”、“秘书”和“秘书长”等头衔。然而所有这些头衔，都离不开她们的“英语保姆”Sandra Moreira的功劳。 由于英语水平的提高，医疗队中有许多专家登上了学术讲坛，面对着多国医学专家、学者和各级医务人员，娴熟地用英语作学术报告，并赢得了很高的评价。这些又与Sandre Moreira的悉心指教息息相关。 当Sandre Moreira得知这一切时，她会心地笑了。 《人民日报海外版》 (2007-07-20 第06版)

. Xu Fasong， HuangKai，Sa XiaoliAswe recall the work and life of the Chinese Medical Team to Botswana, we fondly remember a kindly lady, who is not only an English teacher and helpful friend, but also an indispensable part of the Chinese Medical Team. Her name is Sandra Moreira, a beloved friend, respected by all the members of the Team. At first sight, Sandra Moreira gives us an impression of a grandmotherly housewife: a rosy moon face, light flaxen curly hair, Phnom Penh glasses plating purple thin film, dressing leisurely but befittingly, just like our neighbour mamma. And in the following days when we got together, we found that she was so committed to her job and her passion to culture promotion came so intensely, which brought great assistance to our work.Sandra isa womanof British descent. After an primary and secondary education, she graduated from a college in Cape Town, South Africa. Her education brought her a wide range of knowledge; she mastered English and German, and also studied French and Greek as secondary subjects. In 1984 Sandra emigrated from Zimbabwe to Francistown, Botswana. Two years later she met Dr. Ni, the General Surgeon of the 3rd Chinese Medical Team, and thus began a lasting bond with the Team. She then accepted an invitation from Professor Pan Peizhong, the interpreter for the 4th Chinese Medical Team, to undertake the task of improving the English communication skills of all the Chinese medical staff. From that point on she devoted herself toteachingall of us English. In our eyes she was not only our English teacher, but an intimate and trustworthy consultant in our life.Sandra appreciated the fact that these doctors and nurses fromthe Orient, with its rich ancient civilization, might possess some outstanding characteristics. Chinese doctors who came from thousands of miles away, leaving their families and friends behind, startedanew on their own in a completely foreign country and dedicatedthemselves to servingthe people of Botswana. In the hospital they worked together with other medical staff from different countries. Although English was the only language commonly spoken and understood between the Team members and the locals, some of the doctors and nurses from the Team came across difficulties in their work in terms of language skills.However, it is the case that if they could do better in English, they would be more confident and thus achieve greater progress in their medical work. As a gracious South African lady who was always willing to help others, Sandra believed she had the ability and responsibility to help these doctors and nurses eliminate these deficiencies and enhance their English skills. It was not easy for Sandra to think of a good approach to achieve the most satisfactory results in a short time it could take. All members of the team were extremely busy with their work, as seen by the frequent hospital pages blaring over the loudspeakers. She thought over this problem until one day an inspiring thought sprang to her mind. She would use the necessary activities of daily life as her classroom. Sandra began to invite us to go with her and learn how to shop in the supermarkets, how to mail letters and parcels at the post office, and how to manage our banking affairs, and so on. Our most useful lessons were given on these leisurely journeys by her.As Sandra believed that free-flowing conversation could achieve better results than boring lectures in a classroom, she would invite us to places where we could relax and be interested in discussing various kinds of topics. On sunny Saturday mornings, it was not uncommon to see a milky white car slowly winding its way toward the Chinese Medical Team building. Our dear teacher would chauffeur us to new ‘classrooms’ with their peaceful surroundings of lush, green trees and cool, soothing grass. Each conversation, carried on in such a delightful and relaxing atmosphere, brought us step by step closer to complete fluency. Not only were we able to enjoy the life style of an exotic foreign country, but more importantly, we obtained valuable information, both practical and spiritual. With these methods, Sandra was able to achieve her goal of combining learning with fun.In addition to the idiomatic English she tries to impart, Sandra attached great importance to our English expressions, to our pronunciation, and to correcting the mistakes we would make. No matter how trivial they were, she would correct them immediately. At times Sandra would be confused by some of our questions and findthem difficult to answer. She would then ask for advice by making calls, sometimes even international ones, to her friends and various experts around the world until she got the right answer. Some questions that had haunted us could be brilliantly answered by our savvy teacher. How timeflies! In the past20 years of teaching, Sandra has persevered in her efforts to produce the best possible language ability for the different teams that have continued to come to her life. Through her years of experience, Sandra found the most effective way in teaching English, that is, to combine English teaching with real life activities. When the Chinese doctors and nurses made mistakes, she would promptly correct them. Through years of working with Chinese people, she even became familiar with their ‘Chinglish’, and tried her best to give them instructions in the proper use of standard English. This combination of teaching by means of everyday activities, made a great impression on us, and led to great progress in all of us.With Sandra’s efforts the Chinese Medical Team members achieved remarkable progress in a relatively short time. Those of us who sat under her tutelage could now freely exchange ideas with our colleagues in English during work time. Writing skills had also been improved. A good example at this point was Dr. Zhang Biqing, the Team leader in Francistown, Botswana. Without a full-time interpreter assigned to the team there, Dr. Zhang had to manage to conduct the routine medical work, as well as the administrative duties of the hospital. As the leader of the Medical Team, he also had the responsibility of supervising the interpersonal relations within the medical team. Besides, he had to interact with different departments of the local government, while dealing with the day-to-day stress of living in a foreign country. Without an interpreter, his English ability would be challenged every day. However, thanks to the training he received from Sandra Moreira, Dr. Zhang can now tackle with confidence a multitude of different issues, be they medical, administrative, or governmental. Examples abound: those who had benefited from Sandra’s teaching were the medical specialists in our team, such as Dr. Fang Chen, from the Urology Department, Dr. Yang Lin and Dr. Zhang Xiao Chen, from the Anesthesiology Department, who often came to the lecture room to deliver medical reports in front of other specialists, scholars and medical staff of all levels and from many different countries. Applause and high praise were given to them for their splendid lectures. They were later given the opportunity to speak at the Hospital Medical Cases Consultation Conference, where they distinguished themselves with authority, professionalism and assurance. Even the young nurses of the Chinese Medical Team exhibited diligence and grace thanks to the teaching of Sandra Moreira. Not only could they freely exchange views, in English, in work and life, but during their free time would willingly deal with the interpersonal relations of the team. This provided them an even larger stage upon which to exercise their oral and written English, and push their English ability to a higher level. Due to their excellent performances, they were given nicknames by their hospital colleagues such as “Secretary” and “Secretary-General”, which showed the affectionate yet respectful relationships they enjoyed with the other hospital staff. These hard working Chinese doctors and nurses worked long hours to give their medical lectures in English and to participate in the discussions on cases in English in their respective departments. No pains, no gains. All these achievements resulted from their own persistent study in combination with the careful English instruction from a dedicated teaching professional. Thanks to Sandra’s hard working, mellow and sweet fruits were sure to be reaped in the end. With any progress made on the part of her students, Mrs. Sandra Moreira would smile and give a thumbs-up to her beloved students to encourage them. She would feel greatly delighted and satisfied. Nothing would gratify her more than to hear that her students believed she has fulfilled her goals and made her most heartfelt wishes come true.It is the sincere wish of her students that the tree of friendship between our South African friend and the Chinese Medical Team would blossom forever.

中 国 医 疗 队 的 编 外 队 员 《人民日报》海外版 2007- 06.20

徐法松，男，1956年生，福建省沙县人，汉族，1978年福建医科大学毕业，主任医师，主要从事眼科临床（眼表）方面的研究。 fsxu93@yahoo.com.cn 摘 要背景：临床上治疗翼状胬肉以手术切除为主，大多数针对翼状胬肉治疗效果的研究都着眼于手术技巧、辅助治疗手段和患者本身原因对术后复发率的影响。种族与胬肉发生发展以及术后复发是否有关仍无确切依据。目的：传统的翼状胬肉切除术复发率高，自体角膜缘移植应用于胬肉切除术是近年来开展的术式，取材方便，安全。为寻求安全、有效的手术方式，降低术后复发率，文章对不同种族的翼状胬肉患者施行自体角膜缘干细胞移植联合翼状胬肉切除术，并观察分析其治疗结果。 方法：①实验对象：选择2000-01/2006-06就诊的翼状胬肉患者198例（206眼），其中就诊于厦门者144例，均为初发病例；作者在非洲时接诊的黑种人患者54例，均为复发病例。患者对治疗方案及实验均知情同意，且得到医院伦理道德委员会批准。②实验方法：对198例患者施行自体角膜缘干细胞移植联合胬肉切除术，即切除胬肉组织后在术区覆盖取自颞上方球结膜的带角膜缘的薄层游离结膜瓣。③实验评估：通过术后随访，对手术区域进行分级评估，1级为术区外观正常，4级即胬肉复发。观察术后复发率及并发症出现情况。结果：随访时间6个月~2年，平均14个月。①术后6周时未发现翼状胬肉复发，术后6个月时中国汉族人、非洲黑种人病例的复发率分别为6.6%和14.8%，术后12个月时复发率分别为11.8%和24.5%。②术后6周时，两组病例的分级情况差异存在显著性意义（P﹤0.01），中国病例恢复较好。术后6个月及术后1年时两组术区分级差异无显著性意义（P﹥0.05）。③翼状胬肉患者术后并发症少，主要为角膜浅层瘢痕、持续性眼表刺激症状，无严重并发症出现。结论：显微镜下行自体角膜缘干细胞移植联合翼状胬肉切除术，具有切除胬肉较彻底、组织损伤小、术后反应轻、复发率较低的特点，有一定的实用价值。非洲黑种人病例的术后复发率高于中国汉族翼状胬肉患者。关键词：翼状胬肉；干细胞；显微外科手术；人种群；细胞移植Transplantation of limbal with conjunctival flap autograft to treat pterygium under microscope Xu Fasong Department of ophthalmology zhong shan hosital, Xiamen, Fujian 361004【ABSTRACT】Objective To observe an effective therapy and decrease the high rate of recurrence in the surgical treatment of pterygium. Metheds Corneal limbal stem cell autograft combined with excision of pterygium was performed in 198 patients (206 eyes) of different races with primary or recurring pterygium. In all cases a free transplantation of the superotemporal limbus with an adjacent piece of thin conjunctiva was placed in the excision area. This is a non-blind retrospective study. We followed-up all cases to observe the post-operative outcomes, including grading the appearances of the sites after excision and reporting the recurrence rates. Results Mean follow–up was 14 months. No recurring case was found at 6 weeks. The recurrence rate of Chinese Han people and Afric Black people cases were respectively 6.6% and 14.8% at 6 months, and 11.8% and 24.5% at 12 months. There was significant difference between the appearances grading of two groups at 6 weeks, while there was none at 6 months and 12 months. Few complications were found except superficial scaring of cornea and persistent irritation of ocular surface. No severe complication was found. Conclusions: Limbal stem cell autograft in under microscope is an effective technique for pterygium treatment with a low rate of tissue damage, tissue reaction and recurrence. 【KEY WORDS】 Pterygium Limbal autograft Stem Cell Microsurgery Race

目的 :探讨 Vogt-小柳原田综合征(Vogt- Koyanagi- Harada syndrome,VKHS) Dalen- Fuchs结节的眼底表现及其临床意义。方法 :对 36例患者作了眼底彩色照相及荧光素眼底血管造影 (fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA) ,其中 6例同时作了吲哚青绿血管造 影 (indocyanine green angiography,ICGA)。结果 :36例 VKHS患者中 ,存在 Dalen- Fuchs结节者 16例 (4 4.44 % )。类圆形黄色结节位于下方中周部者最多 (93% )。急性期的 Dalen- Fuchs结节 FFA后期结节染色 ,而 ICGA呈边界清楚的弱荧光 ;恢复期的 Dalen- Fuchs结节 FFA和 ICGA均显示结节下的脉络膜血管萎缩及 RPE萎缩、色素增殖改变。ICGA显示的 Dalen- Fuchs结节比眼底彩色照相和 FFA要清晰。结论 :Dalen- Fuchs结节是 VKHS的一个重要临床特征表现 ,ICGA能更好显示这种结节样损害【作者单位】福建省厦门市中山医院; 中山医科大学中山眼科中心; 361004【关键词】Vogt-小柳原田综合征;Dalen-Fuchs结节;荧光素/吲哚青绿;眼底血管造影【分类号】：R773.9 【DOI】：cnki:ISSN:1006-4443.0.2001-11-019【正文快照】：Vogt-小柳原田综合征 (Vogt- Koyanagi- Haradasyndrome,VKHS)是一种伴有白发、脱发、皮肤白斑和听力下降的双眼慢性葡萄膜炎症 ,在以往文献中曾对该病荧光素眼底血管造影 (fundus fluoresceinangio- graphy,FFA)表现的三种类型 :脉络膜型、视乳头型、混合型有过描述及报道 Objective: To investigate the fundus appearance and clinical value of Dalen-Fuchs nodules in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKHS). Methods: Thirty-six cases (72 eyes) of VKHS were examined with fundus color photograph and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) was performed in 6 cases (12 eyes). Results: In 36 case of VKHS. Dalen-Fuchs nodules were found to be present in 16 cases (44.44%). 93.8% of the Dalen-Fuchs nodules were distributed in the lower midperiphery. FFA showed that the Dalen-Fuchs nodules were hypo fluorescent in the early phases and late staining. ICGA revealed that the Dalen-Fuchs nodules were hypo fluorescent through the early phase to late phase. The Dalen-Fuchs nodules were showed better in ICGA than in FFA. Conclusions: Dalen-Fuchs nodule seems the important feature of VKHS, and ICGA is sensitive in delineating the lesions.【Keyword】：Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, Dalen-Fuchs nodules, Indocyanine green, Fundus angiography

Sandra Moreira 我 们 的 良 师 益 友福建 厦门大学 附属中山医院 徐法松这是一个夏季的早晨，和煦的阳光携引着微风，轻拂着大地、博茨瓦纳的天空依然向人们展示着她那明媚和蕴涵着的温情。飞机就要起飞了， 透过那晶莹清澈的舷窗依稀可见Sandra Moreira，充满依恋地不时挥动着深情的手，向我们频频致意。时间在一分、一秒地飞逝，它在静静地告诉我们，这将是一次久远的分别，此时一种难以言状的复杂心情油然而生。渐渐地一股感动的热泪模糊了我的视线……再见 —— Sandra Moreira 我们的良师益友 。每当我们中国医疗队的队员忆起在博茨瓦纳的工作及生活，一个熟悉的身影旋即在脑际浮现，她——就是大家所敬重的朋友Sandra Moreira，初见Snandra Moreira，她给我们的感觉是一位慈祥的主妇，浅金色的卷发，红润的圆脸，金边眼镜下透映着深邃温和的目光。她语气沉稳坚定，举止优雅，是一位充满着温情而又儒雅的长者，在随后相处的日子里，让我们深深地感受到她对中国医疗队的一往情深，对工作的认真态度和文化传播的热情是又那样的执着，给我们的异国生活带来了莫大的慰藉。中国医疗队在非洲那魂牵梦萦的岁月里，Sandra Moreira的真诚和那番亦师亦友的情愫，是一个脍炙人口的故事，也成为我们心中所珍藏着的美好记忆。有着英籍血统的Sandra Moreira从小就受过良好的教育，她毕业于南非开蒲墩的一所高校，并常年在以英语为国语的南非及纳米比亚工作，她的知识面广，并能通晓英、法、德、希腊语。以英语为其擅长。1984年她从南非开蒲墩移居来博茨瓦纳，在1986年与第3批中国医疗队队长相识，而后她欣然接受了医疗队翻译潘培中教授的热忱邀请，从此就与中国医疗队结下了不解之缘，嗣后，大家心目中的她，就是中国医疗队的外籍英语老师和顾问。她尽心尽意、无偿地为中国医疗队队员做英语教学与实践的指导老师。Sandra Moreira她觉得，来自东方文明古国的中国医疗队队员，有许多高贵的品格，他们只身一人克服各种艰难困苦，在异国他乡为这个国家和人民努力地工作、无私地奉献着，工作中也有许多值得她倾慕的地方，待人接物也有许多值得她称道之处，然而,美中不足的是他们中的有些人英语水平多有欠缺，如果能使他们在语言交流能力上得到进一步提高，将使他们如虎添翼，从而工作更加出色和生活得更完美。这位乐善好施的英籍女绅觉得自己有能力，也有义务，并十分乐意帮助中国医疗队来弥补这些缺憾，全方位地提高他们的英语能力，与此同时她也乐在其中。可是大家工作担子非常繁重，医院值班常是要通宵达旦工作，应该怎样使这个愿望付诸于现实？既不影响大家休息、又能有效地传授好英语、使大家的英语水平得到进一步的提高？怎样才能用最少的时间代价，去获取得最大的教学效果？这真是一个值得琢磨的难题，Sandra Moreira左思右想、苦苦斟酌着。多少个夜深人静的夜里，人们都进入了梦乡，而她却依然辗转反侧,迟迟不能入睡，为此,她费尽了心思。终于有一天，她心头豁然一亮顿生灵感，萌生了好主意，这使她高兴极了！就这样，她迈开了去实现愿望的脚步……亲爱的朋友，如果您在周六的早晨见到一辆乳白色的轿车，缓缓地驶往中国医疗队，而后稳健地停在医疗队部大门前，不消说，这一定是“英语天使”Sandra Moreira来了。这时她的英语教学也就开始了，没有传统的教室，也没有我们习以为常的朗朗读书声，却有着生活的细节与享受——她轮番邀请医疗队员与她一起，时而去超级市场，时而上邮局，有时去银行办理相关事务，而后带大家到一个绿草林荫、宁静而又的优雅的境地，那大自然的草木花卉不时地飘逸着沁人心脾的芬芳，这,就是酒店迎宾楼的咖啡厅。大家戏称这里为我们医疗队的“五星级教室”，它让人倍觉心旷神怡，很自然地，大家身心也得到了放松，在咖啡厅里她引导我们海阔天空地漫谈，一路行程的各种场合都涉及到最实用的生活情景英语会话，和即兴话题、有些超过书了本上的有限的知识。她教学深入浅出，其教学和交流的内容贴近生活,而且教得活、用得活、大家容易理解、又便于熟记。Sandra Moreira老师十分注意队员的语言表达、发音情况、而且非常及时地纠正任何一个哪怕是细微的错误。医疗队里有的队员表达洗眼睛用wash the eye、 clear the eyes， Sandra Moreira告诉我们这样表达能够使人听懂， 但是规范的表达应该是eye douche ；而眼部的泪道冲洗，也用了冲洗这个词，却不能再用douche 也不用wash、clear；应该用 irrigation；规范的表达是：irrigation of lacrimal passage（泪道） 寥寥数语的点拨，顷刻间却让我们懂得眼睛不同部位冲洗的规范表达方式……诸如此类的情形在她的英语教学实践中则是不胜枚举。她风趣、幽默、时而妙趣横生，寓教学于娱乐、寓教学于日常生活之中，给大家留下了非常深刻美好的印象。医疗队员们品吮着咖啡地道的馥郁，也品吮着Sandra Moreira老师浑厚的文化韵味，这是令人难忘的咖啡，她用炽热的情怀融会了英语语词的妙趣、也融会着西洋文化、东方的文明以及纯朴而又浓烈的非洲风情——别具风味的咖啡！二十多年如一日,她持之以恒地进行这样别具一格的英语教学及实践,医疗队来了一批又一批,她始终如一地关心和帮助医疗队员，在英语环境中学习和实践，从而更有效地提高英语水平, 对中国医生、护士英语教学的实践和经验,使她成了一个资深“英语医生”，能准确地查找出医疗队员 “中国式英语”的“症结”，继而，象整形医生那样为其做耐心的矫治，使英语日趋规范。同样每次大家都要把生活和工作交流中遇到的英语难题在这里一吐为快，并到得到了满意的解答时才满载而归。有的问题也使她感到困惑，一时难以解答，为此她通过电话去请教她的朋友和相关专业的专家，甚至不惜是跨国越洋的国际长途电话，直到有了满意的答案为止。当她为大家解答出了那些萦绕在脑际里，而又困惑了多时的难题时，谁都会真正感悟到什么才叫“受益匪浅”，而这时的Sandra Moreira老师总会情不自禁流露出幸福的微笑！就这样，每次的英语教学，都是在一种轻松愉快、舒适的氛围里，不知不觉地进行着，大家不仅得到了全身心的放松，同时也感受到了在异国生活的情调和工作之余的乐趣，更重要的是得到了宝贵的知识，心灵也得到滋养，这是精神食粮，也是一个无以伦比的心灵之宴。在Sandra Moreira老师悉心指教下,中国医疗队队员的英语能力得到了全面提高，因此，来到博茨瓦纳一段时间后，大家也就可以比较轻松自如地进行工作和生活方面的交流，书面交流能力也大为提高。这对于向受援国传授先进的医学技术，起着不可估量的作用。驻博茨瓦纳佛朗西斯墩点的中国医疗队没有专职英文翻译，因此日常工作、生活及与政府、官方的交流全靠自己，这里的队长不仅要负责和处理医疗队的工作，还要负责科室的医疗和行政工作，却没有翻译在旁侧，因此英文水平非常重要，各方面都受到挑战和是试炼，然而，在经过实际工作的“百炼”终于成了“钢”，如今他的口头交流能力和书面交流能力显著提高。能轻松自如地使用英语来处理各种医疗和行政事务，这其中Sandra Moreira老师的“火力支援””功不可抹。那些年轻美丽而又勤快的护士们，除了能自如地进行工作和生活的交流外，经常利用休息时间，帮助医疗队里处理一些事务，英文水平和英语的应用能力也得到了很好的发挥，同时也上了更新的台阶，大家风趣地分别给她们冠以文书、秘书、秘书长等头衔，然而所有这些头衔都与她们的“英语保姆”Sandra Moreira老师的精心培育分是不开的！由于英语水平的提高，中国医疗队中有许多专业的专家，登上了学术讲坛，面对着多国的医学专家、学者和各级医务人员，娴熟地用英语作医学学术报告，并赢得了很高的评价，中国医疗队成为在医学讲坛上发言人次最多的国家之一。有的在全院病例会诊讨论会上侃侃而谈，其英语表述得标准、规范、其措词的准确性和文章结构的逻辑性都赢得了大家的赞赏和院方的称道, 中国医疗队的学术报告也曾被誉称作“丰美的营养餐”，这与Sandra Moreira老师在英文方面悉心指教休戚相关。当Sandra Moreira 老师得知这一切，她会心地笑了， 不禁竖起拇指称赞中国医生： Nice！ Wonderful !（好！好极了！）一分耕耘一分收获，过去的日子里Sandra Moreira 老师在英语教学和实践中付出了许许多多的辛劳，然而她的美好的心愿实现了，这足以使她内心充满愉悦，同时也感受着一份甜美。恰是“送人玫瑰手有余香”的愉悦和甜美！绚丽的霞光映红了博茨瓦纳那美丽的地平线，也染红了天边那充满生机的绿树，犹如Sandra Moreira老师辛勤的汗水和日以继夜的辛劳，正浇灌和培育着这样的一片绿树，这是一片蕴涵着她与中国医疗队队员之间深厚友谊的绿树。愿这片美丽、充满着活力，也充满着深情的友谊之树常青。请批评、指正 ，谢谢！ To Criticize To Correct Please 。 Thanks a lots ！ E-mail :fsxu93@yahoo.com.cn TEL: 15960806808 0592 - 2292524