患者男性,62岁,因肉眼血尿入院检查发现左肾占位,考虑肾癌可能性大。拟采用后腹腔镜肾癌根治术,术中发现患者腰部空间小,手术困难大,改为经腹途径腹腔镜肾癌根治术,手术顺利,术中出血约20毫升。术后7天出院,病理报告为肾透明细胞癌。图1.术前CT,可见肿瘤位于左肾下极,中央有液化坏死图2.手术切除后肿瘤
患者为女性,28岁,因满月脸,向心性肥胖,皮肤紫纹,停经等6年入院检查发现左肾上腺巨大肿瘤,考虑肾上腺皮质癌可能性大。因肿瘤过大,采用经腹途径手术,手术顺利,术中出血20ML。术后7天,患者顺利康复出院,病理结果为肾上腺皮质腺瘤。
肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(ureteropelvic junction obstruction, UPJO)是引起泌尿系上尿路梗阻的常见疾病,可严重影响患侧肾功能;如不及时处理,将可能导致患侧肾功能完全丧失。UPJO患者约20%合并肾结石,UPJO和肾结石两者的治疗效果均是防止和逆转患肾功能丧失的关键因素。既往的治疗方法存在诸多不足,包括:①创伤大,与当手术微创化的趋势相悖,②不能一期完成UPJO和肾结石的同时治疗,二次手术增加患者的创伤和经济负担,③治疗效果不理想,残石率高。我科利用达芬奇机器人用于治疗UPJO时穿刺TROCAR位置分别位于肾脏上极和下极的位置优势,结合输尿管硬镜碎石取石的优势,机器人切开肾盂后,用输尿管镜通过机器人操作TROCAR进入切开的肾盂,可以取出位于肾脏不同位置的结石(如图所示),达到微创一期治疗UPJO合并肾结石的目的,既保证了微创治疗的效果,又减轻了患者的经济负担,有效克服了既往治疗方法的不足。该技术自2011年开展以来,目前已累计完成18例,一期结石取净率94.5% (17/18)(1例患者残石经体外冲击波碎石后自然排出),同时进行的UPJO手术成功率100%,无术后出血和脓毒血症等并发症。与其它手术方式相比,该手术方式可以一期完成肾盂成型术和肾结石取出术,同时并发症发生率和程度大幅降低,是一种安全有效的手术方式。该技术综合了机器人和输尿管硬镜碎石取石技术的优势,一期治疗UPJO合并肾结石,手术设计巧妙,具有良好的社会和经济效益。该手术方式在全球范围内未见报导,我们相关的初步研究论文目前已由泌尿外科权威杂志UROLOGY发表。
Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate a modified single-port technique for treating pediatric inguinal hernias (PIH) with high ligation of the vaginal process by combining the use of a ureteroscope and a custom-made puncture guide under pneumoperitoneum. The cases of 86 patients with PIH who underwent the procedure in our institution were reviewed. All of the operations were completed uneventfully. The medianoperative times for unilateral and bilateral lesions were 11 min (range, 8–15 min) and 16 min (range, 12–20 min), respectively. All of the patients were discharged from the hospital on the day of surgery. No massive hemorrhages or infections were reported. The median follow-up was 15 months (range, 12–24 months), during which no recurrences were reported. In conclusion, with the aid of a ureteroscope and a modified custom-made puncture suit, the described single-port technique allowed easier induction of the ligation suture and a shorter operative time than other methods reported previously. How-ever, the determination of long-term efficacy requires additional studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up times.
下腔静脉后输尿管是一种较少见的泌尿系统先天性畸形,输尿管从下腔静脉后穿过,由于下腔静脉对输尿管的压迫作用造成右肾积水。治疗下腔静脉后的最佳手术方式是输尿管离断重吻合术,将腔静脉后的输尿管移到静脉前方重新吻合。我科于2010年完成一例达芬奇机器人辅助下腔静脉后输尿管离断重吻合术,取得了良好的较果。患者男性,41岁,因查体发现右肾积水4个月入院,经MRU检查确诊为右侧下腔静脉后输尿管(见图1)。 图1:可见右肾积水,输尿管上段呈鱼钩状改变,输尿管呈”S”形患者于2010-11-26在全麻下行达芬奇机器人辅助下右侧下腔静脉后输尿管离断成形术,术中见右侧输尿管从下腔静脉后穿过(见图2)。手术游离肾盂及输尿管,于肾盂输尿管交界部离断,将输尿管从下腔静脉后拉出,在静脉前方行肾盂输尿管重吻合术,术后恢复良好,于术后2月拔除双J管,患者无腰痛、发热等。术后半年行IVP检查,右肾积水较术前明显减轻。图2:右肾盂及输尿管上段明显扩张,右输尿管从下腔静脉后方穿过图3:手术完成,右输尿管吻合于下腔静脉前方
潘进洪、熊恩庆、沈文浩、季惠翔、李新(第三军医大学西南医院全军泌尿外科研究所,重庆,400038)[摘要]目的:总结后腹腔镜结核性无功能肾切除的技术要点和方法,探讨后腹腔镜结核性无功能肾切除的可行性。方法:回顾分析2005年3月至2009年12月收治的46例结核性无功能肾患者,所有患者均经后腹腔镜行肾切除术,观察手术时间、术中出血量、手术并发症、术后患者恢复时间等指标。结果:46例手术均获得成功,无中转开放。平均手术时间102±36.9(45-240)分钟;平均出血量59.8±49.6(10-300)ml,后1-3天肠道功能恢复,术后平均住院时间6.5(5-9)天。术后所有患者未出现切口感染及切口不愈合。术后随访0.5-5年,无结核复发。结论:后腹腔镜结核肾切除术创伤小、 出血少、 恢复快,但粘连较重,分离较为困难,因此,对有较好腹腔镜操作经验的医生而言,是一种安全、 可靠的手术方法。[关键词]后腹腔镜;肾结核;手术[Abstract] Objective: To summarize the experience and the main skill ofretroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy for tuberculous non-functional kidney. Methods: Retrospective analysis the operationtime,the bleeding amount,complications and postoperative recovery time etc ofall 46 cases of tuberculous non-functional kidney patients undertaken retroperitoneallaparoscopic nephrectomy in our institute from 20005.3 to 2009.12. Results: Operation were succeeded inall 46 patients, no conversion occured. Mean operation time: 102±36.9(45-240)minutes, blood loss: 59.8±49.6(10-300)ml, recoverytime of gastrointestinal function: 1~3days, hospitalizing time after surgery : 6.5(5-9)days. No woundinfection and disunion in all patients after surgery. NO relapse of tuberculousafter 0.5-5 years following up. Conclusion:Retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy have some advantages such as: minimalinvasive, less blood lossing, fewer complications , short hospital stay , andrapid recovery of gastrointestinal function. But it is comparatively safe and reliablein experienced operators because of its adhesive and difficult of dissection.